Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal which burns with brilliant light (thus its use in flares) to form magnesium oxide. Magnesium hydroxide is well kn ...

Sulphate is the oxy-anion of sulphur in the +6 oxidation state. Magnesium sulphate is sold commercially as “Epsom salts”, which is used as a purgative ...

Total hardness (T.H.) is the sum of calcium and magnesium concentrations expressed as mg/l calcium carbonate [CaCO3] and is calculated as follows: T. ...

Fluoride is the most electro-negative element and readily forms complexes with many metals.  It is needed in trace quantities during tooth formation t ...

The metallic element iron in its pure state is silvery-white, but iron usually appears brown or black in colour because of oxidation of the surface of ...

Sodium is the alkali metal constituent of table salt or sodium chloride. Sodium is an essential dietary element needed to maintain electrolyte balance ...

Calcium is an alkaline earth metal which reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide (slaked lime). Calcium is an essential nutrient for the building ...

Copper is an orange coloured metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity.  Copper is needed in small quantities for the integrity of the f ...

Chloride is the negatively charged or anionic component of table salt. Elevated chloride imparts a salty taste to water and accelerates corrosion of m ...

Manganese is a metal, common in soils and often associated with water, which is responsible for the dark tea-like colour of some water sources. (Note: ...