Problem : Total Hardness

Total hardness (T.H.) is the sum of calcium and magnesium concentrations expressed as mg/l calcium carbonate [CaCO3] and is calculated as follows:


T.H. = [2.497 x calcium (mg/l)] + [4.118 x magnesium (mg/l)].

The total hardness value indicates whether the water is soft or hard, and relates to the ease or difficulty of lathering of soap.

Causes

<h4><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Total hardness is low in rainwater and very fresh soft waters with little calcium and magnesium</span></h4> - (1) Corrective Actions

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Relevant Authorities
The Quality Council for Trades and Occupations
The Energy & Water Sector Education Training Authority
South African Qualifications Authority

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